Disputes between India and Bangladesh over border fencing

Source: The post disputes between India and Bangladesh over border fencing has been created, based on the article “India summons envoy: Why Bangladesh has objected to fencing along the border” published in “Indian Express” on 15th January 2025

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper2- International Relations-India and its neighbourhood- relations.

Context: The article discusses disputes between India and Bangladesh over border fencing. Bangladesh objects to fencing near the border citing a 1975 agreement. India defends the fencing to prevent crimes and secure borders. Negotiations and challenges continue, especially in sensitive areas.

For detailed information on India-Bangladesh Relations read this article here

What is the issue between India and Bangladesh regarding border fencing?

1. Objection to Fencing Proximity: Bangladesh opposes India’s border fencing within 150 yards of the international boundary, citing the 1975 Joint India-Bangladesh Guidelines for Border Authorities. However, India argues that the fences are not defense structures but measures to control illegal activities and manage border security.
2. Concerns Over Smart Fencing: Bangladesh opposes smart fencing with surveillance systems, claiming it allows India to monitor Bangladeshi territory.
3. Local Disputes: In Malda (West Bengal), the BGB tried to stop fencing near Kaliachak No. 3 block, while in Cooch Behar’s Mekhliganj, they objected to fencing around the Dahagram-Angarpota enclave.
4. India’s Argument: India says fencing is vital to prevent trans-border crimes, as 60% occur in unfenced areas, and denies that single-row fencing (SRF) has defense potential.
5. Fencing Status: India has fenced 3,141 km (76%) of the 4,096.7 km India-Bangladesh border. In West Bengal, 81.5% of the 2,217 km border is fenced.Riverine borders, covering 900 km, are guarded by the BSF water wing.
6. Challenges: Unfenced areas face issues like difficult terrain, riverine borders, and local opposition.

Why is border fencing important for India?

1. Prevents Trans-Border Crimes: 60% of crimes occur in unfenced areas. Fencing helps reduce smuggling and illegal crossings.
2. Controls Animal Movement: Fencing in places like Mekhliganj prevents cattle from damaging crops.
3. Secures Sensitive Areas: Dahagram–Angarpota, a Bangladeshi enclave in India, faces security challenges.

Question for practice:

Discuss the disputes and challenges between India and Bangladesh regarding border fencing and its importance for India.