H-1B Controversy and India’s Position

Source: This post on J&K Infra Push has been created based on article “Express view on J&K infra push: Delhi and Valley”  published in The Indian Express on 15^th January 2025.

UPSC Syllabus topic- GS Paper 2-International relations

Context: This article examines the broader implications of Donald Trump’s second term as U.S. President on technology policies, international relations, and India’s strategic interests. While much of the Indian discourse has centered around the H-1B visa program and its impact on Indian professionals in the U.S., the author urges Delhi to expand its focus to the larger transformations likely to emerge from Trump’s technology agenda.

How should India approach the H-1B visa debate?

1. India must shift its focus beyond the H-1B visa issue.
2. While exporting tech talent is important, the larger implications of Trump’s technology policies on global tech and geopolitical dynamics are more critical.

Why is the H-1B visa system contentious, and how does it affect India?

1. The H-1B visa system, tied to America’s broader immigration debate, faces resistance due to concerns over labor impacts and demographics.
2. However, US businesses’ demand for skilled talent, with India as the largest source, ensures India’s continued relevance.
3. Delhi can strengthen its position by curbing illegal immigration and supporting merit-based legal immigration.

What are the major changes expected in US tech policy under Trump?

Trump’s policies are likely to:

1. Increase the political influence of technology, favoring conservatives.
2. Promote techno-libertarianism, reducing regulatory oversight.
3. Intensify competition with China, particularly in advanced technologies and AI.

How does technology shape political dynamics, and what changes are expected?

1. Technology has deepened ideological divides, especially between liberals and conservatives.
2. Under Trump, this may shift in favor of conservatives, driven by figures like Musk (Twitter/X) and Zuckerberg (Facebook). This ideological conflict could spread to other democracies.

What is techno-libertarianism, and how might it shape innovation?

1. Techno-libertarianism, championed by figures like Musk, Thiel, and Ramaswamy, aims to reduce bureaucratic oversight, fostering rapid innovation.
2. This aligns with Trump’s goal of minimizing regulatory constraints, particularly in AI.

How will Trump’s policies impact US-China tech competition?

1. Trump is expected to intensify tech restrictions on China, emphasizing military AI development and reducing multilateral arms control in favor of US advantages.
2. While Trump may explore a “grand bargain” with China, structural contradictions and existing sanctions limit the scope for accommodation.

How should India align with Trump’s tech policies?

1. India must engage diplomatically to collaborate on advanced technologies and adapt to global shifts in tech governance.
2. India’s tech talent and strategic interests are pivotal in navigating these changes.