How Electric Vehicles Can Improve Delhi’s Air

Source: The post How Electric Vehicles Can Improve Delhi’s Air has been created, based on the article “Why Delhi needs to shift to EVs” published in “Indian Express” on 4th January 2025

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3-Environment

Context: The article discusses the benefits of converting all vehicles in Delhi to electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce air pollution and healthcare costs. It highlights the significant role of transport emissions in Delhi’s air quality issues and the potential health and economic gains from adopting EVs. How Electric Vehicles Can Improve Delhi’s Air

For detailed information on Adoption of EVs: Challenges and Solutions read this article here

What is the Current State of Air Pollution in Delhi?

1. Delhi’s air pollution is severe, with the transport sector emitting 48.37 Gg of PM2.5 annually.
2. Cars make up 32.44% of the vehicle fleet and contribute 25.54% to the total emissions.
3. Commercial vehicles, though only 2.56% of the fleet, account for nearly 39% of transport emissions.
4. Two-wheelers, which are 61.84% of the fleet, have a relatively lower emission share.
5. Crop burning in nearby states has decreased but still affects Delhi’s air quality.
6. Despite the adoption of CNG vehicles, which helped reduce pollution, they still emit NOx and contribute to ozone pollution under certain conditions.

What are the Benefits of Shifting to Electric Vehicles (EVs)?

1. Reduction in PM2.5 Levels: Transitioning to EVs could lower PM2.5 concentrations by nearly 40%.
2. Healthcare Cost Savings: A shift to EVs can decrease per capita healthcare costs by more than 25%.
3. Economic Benefits: The transition could result in a 25.7% reduction in mortality-related costs and a 2.54% decrease in costs from pollution-related diseases.
4. Overall Savings: A complete shift to EVs in Delhi could lead to financial savings of Rs 11,000 crore.

What Supports Does Delhi Provide for EV Adoption?

1. Subsidy Offerings: Delhi introduced an EV policy in 2020, which was extended to 2025 last year. The Delhi government provides substantial financial incentives for EV buyers, offering up to Rs 30,000 for two-wheelers and Rs 1.5 lakh for electric cars, depending on the battery capacity.
2. Infrastructure Development: To support the practical usage of EVs, the policy includes the installation of 25 new charging stations across the city. This initiative aims to enhance the accessibility and convenience of charging electric vehicles.

What Challenges Exist in Transitioning to EVs?

1. High Costs: Electric vehicles (EVs) are expensive, which could deter potential buyers.
2. Limited Charging Infrastructure: Delhi currently has plans for only 25 new charging stations, which may not meet the demand as more people switch to EVs.
3. Slow Charging Speeds: The charging technology available has relatively low speeds, impacting the practicality of EVs for daily use.
4. Dependency on Imports: Essential components like lithium-ion batteries need to be imported, adding to costs and supply chain complexities.
5. Low Consumer Awareness: There’s a general lack of awareness about the benefits and usage of EVs among consumers, hindering adoption rates.

Question for practice:

Examine how the transition to electric vehicles in Delhi could influence local air quality and public health according to the article.