Indian Ports Act 2025 

News: Recently, the Indian Ports Act 2025 was introduced to replace the colonial-era Indian Ports Act of 1908.

About the Indian Ports Act, 2025

• The Indian Ports Act, 2025, replaces the 1908 Indian Ports Act with a forward-looking, integrated framework tailored to the demands of a modern economy.
• It was passed by Parliament in August 2025 to align India’s port governance with global standards.
• Aim: To unlock the full potential of India’s 7,500 km coastline, streamline port administration, and align domestic practices with global maritime standards.
• The act promotes cooperative federalism by empowering States alongside the Centre and also simplifies procedures, digitises operations, and enhances ease of doing business in the maritime sector. 
• The act brings major and non-major port regulation under a modernised law, through a unified Legal Framework. 

Key Features of the Indian Ports Act, 2025

Port Officers & Conservator	The Act appoints the government-designated conservator as the Port Officer, granting them supervisory authority over other officers. The conservator retains traditional powers over vessel movement within port limits and fee collection, and also assumes new responsibilities such as disease prevention, damage assessment, and penalty adjudication.
Recognition of Statutory bodies	State Maritime Boards: State Maritime Boards to be constituted by coastal states and authorizes them to administer non-major ports. These Boards are tasked with port planning, infrastructure development, licensing, tariff regulation, and ensuring compliance with safety, security, and environmental standards. Maritime State Development Council: The Act confers statutory status on the Maritime State Development Council to steer data collection, dissemination, and transparency across ports. The Council will also advise the central government on national planning, legislative reforms, port efficiency, and improved connectivity.
Dispute Resolution Mechanism	State-Level DRCs: States to establish Dispute Resolution Committees for conflicts among non-major ports, concessionaires, users, and service providers. Appeals to High Court: Civil courts excluded; High Courts empowered for appellate jurisdiction. Alternative Dispute Resolution: Arbitration and other ADR methods encouraged for speedy settlement.
Tariff Regulation	Major Ports: Tariffs determined by the Board of the Major Port Authority or by the Board of Directors (if the port operates as a registered company) Non-Major Ports: Tariff authority lies with State Maritime Board or concessionaire. Mandatory Transparency: Electronic publication of tariffs and charges to ensure open access and fair competition.
Safety, Security & Sustainability	Penalties for Violations: Includes damaging buoys or mishandling combustibles on board. Environmental Protection: Aligns with global conventions such as MARPOL and Ballast Water Management. Mandate for Pollution Control & Disaster Readiness: Mandates emergency response plans, waste handling audits, and compliance monitoring by the Centre. Protect Port Ecosystems: New obligations for pollution control, waste management, and biodiversity protection.
Digitalisation & Efficiency	Maritime Single Window: Digital portal for unified port services and clearances. Advanced Vessel Traffic Systems: Modern technology to manage congestion, lower costs, and enhance safety. Data-Driven Governance: Unified data collection and transparency across ports.