India’s new focus in foreign policy: How Delhi maps the world

Source: The post India’s new focus in foreign policy has been created, based on the article “How Delhi maps the world: Katchatheevu and beyond, islands and India’s new geopolitics” published in “Indian express” on 3rd April 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2-International relations- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/oraffecting India’s interests

News: The article discusses how India is focusing on islands and maritime regions for its foreign policy and security, considering new partnerships and regions like Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It also mentions internal challenges in regions like South Asia.

For details information on India’s foreign policy read Article1, Article2, Article3

What is India’s new focus in foreign policy?

Strategic Islands and Maritime Regions: India is emphasizing strategic importance on islands and maritime territories, like in the Maldives, Papua New Guinea, Mauritius, and the development of Andaman and Lakshadweep.

Adopting the Indo-Pacific Framework: India has embraced the Indo-Pacific concept, moving away from seeing it as an American plot. This shift is a response to tensions with China and aligns with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) involving Australia, India, Japan, and the US.

Increased Focus on Eurasia and Europe: India joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, indicating interest in Eurasia. There’s also a growing engagement with Europe, as seen in increased diplomatic visits and a free trade agreement with EFTA countries.

Broadening Relations with the Middle East and Africa: India is strengthening ties with the Middle East, including partnerships with UAE and Saudi Arabia, and showing a naval presence in the Red Sea region. This reflects a more integrated approach towards the Middle East, Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean.

Shifting Attention from South Asia: With the decline of SAARC, India’s focus is moving from South Asia to sub-regional and trans-regional cooperation, such as with the Bay of Bengal nations.

New Focus on Zomia and Khorasan: India is looking towards new regions like Zomia and Khorasan due to geopolitical changes on its eastern and western borders.

What challenges does India face in shaping its new foreign policy?

Tension with China: India’s deteriorating relations with China, marked by several military crises, pose a significant challenge, especially in adopting the Indo-Pacific strategy and managing regional dynamics.

Balancing Ties with Russia and the West: India’s approach to Eurasia is changing, influenced by the escalating conflict between Russia and the West and the strengthening alliance between China and Russia. This evolution presents India with the challenge of maintaining a balance in its relations with both sides.

Economic Engagement with Europe: While India is increasing its diplomatic and trade ties with Europe, successfully negotiating and finalizing a comprehensive free trade agreement remains a complex challenge.

Internal Challenges in South Asia: The failure of SAARC and changing dynamics with Pakistan require India to adapt its approach in South Asia, focusing more on sub-regional cooperation.

Question for practice:

Examine India’s new foreign policy focus and the challenges it faces in shaping it.