On India losing influence in South Asia

Source: The post on India losing influence in South Asia has been created based on the article “Is India ‘losing’ South Asia? That’s not the question” published in “Indian Express” on 27th December 2023.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – International Relations-India and its neighbourhood- relations.

News: The article discusses India’s waning influence in South Asia, attributing it to internal changes, neighboring countries’ evolving perspectives, and external pressures from powers like China and the Middle East. It suggests that India must revise its strategies to effectively respond to these new regional dynamics and maintain its regional standing.

Why is India losing influence in South Asia?

Historical Legacies: The India’s collective nostalgia for the British Raj’s integration of the Subcontinent along with partition and unresolved disputes have led to continuous regional tension.

Perception of Hegemony: Neighbors perceive India’s regional strategies as attempts at hegemony, conflicting with their sovereignty and autonomy. For example, India’s concepts like “Akhand Bharat” or the liberal version of an integrated Subcontinent, seen as covers for regional hegemony.

Domestic Politics of Neighborhood: Neighbors like the Maldives demand the withdrawal of Indian military presence, worried about its impact on its sovereignty. Additionally, the unresolved Kashmir issue with Pakistan remains a focal point of contention.

Changing Regional Dynamics: The rising influence of global powers like China in South Asia and the strategic and economic interests of Middle Eastern countries are diminishing India’s role and complicating its traditional influence.

What is the future of South Asia?

Evolving Geopolitics: The influence of external powers like China and the Middle East will grow, reshaping regional dynamics.

Changing Alliances: Neighboring countries will continue to assert their sovereignty, potentially leading to new alliances and partnerships beyond India’s influence.

Increased Regional Integration: Despite challenges, there is potential for more economic cooperation and regional integration, albeit at a pace influenced by political will and external factors.

Continued Legacy of Partition: Historical disputes, especially related to Partition, will persist in shaping the political and social landscape.

Way forward

India needs to reassess its regional strategy, focusing on inclusivity, cooperation, and resolving disputes like Kashmir to adapt to a changing South Asia. Recognizing and constructively engaging with neighboring countries and external influences is vital for navigating the region’s complexities. By embracing these changes, India can better position itself in the evolving geopolitical landscape of South Asia.

Question for practice:

Examine the reasons behind India’s declining influence in South Asia and the recommended strategies for India to address this situation.