Why Reservations Are Not the Best Solution for Muslims

Source: The post Why Reservations Are Not the Best Solution for Muslims has been created, based on the article “Yogendra Yadav writes: Social Justice for Muslims should not be about reservations” published in “Indian Express” on 18th February 2025

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper2- Governance-mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

Context: The article discusses how Muslims in India face economic and educational disadvantages. It argues that reservations for all Muslims are not the best solution. Instead, it suggests policies like better OBC inclusion, anti-discrimination laws, targeted development, and support for Muslim-dominated industries.

For detailed information on Religion and Reservations in India read this article here

Why Do Muslims Need Affirmative Action?

1. Muslims in India face economic and educational disadvantages.
2. The Sachar Committee Report (SCR) found that their education levels are similar to SCs and STs and their income levels are like OBCs.
3. Many Muslim children do not enter higher education. Even when family income and parental education are the same, upper-caste Hindus are twice as likelyto enter private colleges and professional courses.

Why Is Reservation Not Suitable for Muslims?

1. Legal Issue – The Constitution does not allow reservation based on religion. Courts have rejected this idea.
2. Sociological Issue – Muslims are diverse. They belong to different biradaris (communities) with different levels of education and wealth.
3. Political Issue – A separate Muslim quota could lead to opposition and conflict, making things worse for the community.

What Is the Alternative to Reservation?

1. Expand OBC List for Muslims: Currently, only 50% of Muslims are included as OBCs. But 75% of them meet the criteria. More backward Muslim groups should be added, like in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and West Bengal.
2. Divide OBCs into Two Groups: Instead of one OBC category, create “extremely backward” and “backward”lists.
3. SC Status for Dalit Muslims and Christians: The current rule excludes Dalit Muslims and Christians from SC benefits. This should change.
4. Anti-Discrimination Law: A strong law is needed to stop discrimination based on religion. An Equal Opportunity Commission should monitor its implementation.

How Else Can Muslims Be Helped?

1. The report also suggests non-quota-based policies to improve Muslims’ conditions.
2. Improve Infrastructure in Muslim Areas: Government programs after the Sachar Report focused on Minority Concentration Districts (MCDs). This should now cover blocks, villages, and localities. The government should ensure Muslims actually benefit.
3. Support Muslim-Dominated Businesses: Many Muslims work in weaving, brass work, carpet making, perfume industry, and meat processing. The government should provide financial and technical support to these industries.
4. Encourage Private Sector Participation: A direct quota in private jobs may fail, but the government can set diversity conditions for companies receiving government contracts and subsidies.
5. Promote NGOs and Self-Help Groups: Community organizations should focus on education, skill training, and job opportunities for Muslims.

Question for practice:

Examine why reservations for all Muslims may not be the most suitable solution for addressing their economic and educational disadvantages in India.