Proba-3

Source: This post on Proba-3 has been created based on the article “All about Proba-3, the advanced European solar mission that ISRO will launch” published in The Hindu on 25th November 2024.

Why in news?

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch the European Space Agency’s Proba-3 mission aboard its PSLV rocket on December 4 from Sriharikota.

About Proba-3

1. About: Proba-3 is an advanced solar mission developed by the European Space Agency (ESA).

2. Aim: The mission aims to study the solar corona, the Sun’s outermost and hottest atmospheric layer.

It is scheduled to launch on December 4, 2024, using the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

3. The mission will be placed in a highly elliptical orbit measuring 600 km x 60,530 km with an orbital period of 19.7 hours.

4. Proba-3 will attempt the world’s first “precision formation flying,” where two satellites will fly in tandem and maintain a fixed configuration in space.

Instruments Onboard Proba-3

1. ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun): This coronagraph focuses on the Sun’s inner and outer corona. It features a 1.4-meter diameter occulting disk to block sunlight, allowing detailed observation of the corona.

2. DARA (Digital Absolute Radiometer): This instrument measures the Sun’s total energy output, known as total solar irradiance, which is vital for understanding solar activity.

3. 3DEES (3D Energetic Electron Spectrometer): This spectrometer measures electron fluxes as the satellites pass through Earth’s radiation belts, providing valuable data for space weather studies.

Features of Proba-3

1. Two-Satellite System: Proba-3 comprises two satellites:

i) Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg): This satellite casts a shadow to create an artificial eclipse.

ii) Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg): Positioned in the shadow, this satellite observes and photographs the Sun’s corona.

2. Artificial Eclipse for Extended Observation: Unlike natural solar eclipses, which last only about 10 minutes and occur approximately 1.5 times a year, Proba-3 will provide up to six hours of continuous eclipse-like conditions daily. This extended observation time is equivalent to 50 solar eclipses annually.

3. Autonomous Precision Formation: The satellites will autonomously maintain their precise alignment, with one satellite positioned 150 meters away from the other. This alignment allows continuous observation of the Sun’s corona without interference from its bright light.

Benefits for India

1. Showcasing ISRO’s Expertise: The Proba-3 mission reinforces India’s reputation for reliable, cost-effective space launches, strengthening ISRO’s standing in global space exploration.

2. Exclusive Data Access: Indian scientists gain privileged access to mission data, with collaborative input in defining scientific goals, ensuring direct research benefits.

3. Synergy with Aditya L1: Collaboration between Proba-3 and India’s Aditya L1 mission can enhance solar physics research and improve space weather predictions.

Read more: Proba-3 Mission

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