Author: ForumIAS

A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. The concept has become more widely known because of its role in Kyoto Protocol The process by which carbon sinks remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is known as carbon sequestration. The major… Continue reading What is CO2 sink?

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) is a NASA satellite mission intended to provide global space-based observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 was launched 2 July 2014 aboard a Delta II OCO’s measurements are designed to be accurate enough to show for the first time the geographic distribution of carbon dioxide sources and… Continue reading Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)

Article 19 (2) contains the grounds on which restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression can be imposed – Security of State:Under Article 19(2) reasonable restrictions can be imposed on freedom of speech and expression in the interest of security of State. The term “security of state” refers only to serious and aggravated forms… Continue reading Restriction on Freedom of Speech and Expression

    Article 19(1)(a) of Indian Constitution says that all citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression. Freedom of Speech and expression means the right to express one’s own convictions and opinions freely by words of mouth, writing, printing, pictures or any other mode. It thus includes the expression of one’s idea… Continue reading Article 19 (1) (a)

The fundamental right of the freedom of press implicit in the right the freedom of speech and expression, is essential for the political liberty and proper functioning of democracy. The Indian Press Commission says that “Democracy can thrive not only under the vigilant eye of legislature, but also under the care and guidance of public… Continue reading Freedom of Press

No law has so far been enacted by Parliament (and state legislatures) regarding breach of privilege, and in the absence of any such law, the powers, privileges and immunities of the Houses of Parliament and state legislatures and of the members and the committees thereof continue in actual practice to be governed by the precedents… Continue reading The Breach of Privilege: Brief History

In the 2007 case of breach of privilege against Ambassador Ronen Sen, the Lok Sabha Committee on privileges held that the phrase “headless chicken” was not used by Shri Sen in respect of MPs or politicians. No action was taken against him. In 2008, an editor of an Urdu weekly referred to the deputy chairman… Continue reading Case History

According to the Article 194 of the Indian Constitution, there are privileges provided to the state legislature, its members and committees and Article 105 does the same for Parliament and its members. Privileges such as freedom of speech in state legislature/Parliament, immunity to proceedings in court for anything said in the legislature/ Parliament, the House… Continue reading Provisions on The Breach of Privilege