Introduction “India ranks 159/180 in the World Press Freedom Index (2025), reflecting shrinking democratic space, where criminal defamation—validated in Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India (2016)—increasingly curtails constitutionally guaranteed free speech.” The Nature of Criminal Defamation Defined under Sections 499–500 of IPC, prescribing imprisonment up to 2 years. Intended to protect individual reputation as part… Continue reading [Answered] Criminal defamation is incompatible with democratic debate.” Evaluate the growing use of criminal defamation proceedings and discuss how it undermines free speech and public discourse in a democracy.

Introduction India’s “Goods and Services Tax (GST), hailed as the biggest tax reform since Independence, contributes nearly 28% of total revenues (Economic Survey 2024), yet its legitimacy depends fundamentally on stakeholder trust.” Trust Deficit in GST 1.0 Multiplicity of slabs and disputes: 4-rate structure caused “classification litigations” and inverted duty structures, disproportionately burdening MSMEs. Compliance… Continue reading [Answered] The success of GST 2.0 hinges on a bedrock of trust. Examine the governance measures required to build confidence among the government, industry, and consumers for a well-oiled tax system.